Advanced Dental Admission Test (ADAT)

Which cell type is primarily involved in bone formation?

1. Osteoblasts

2. Osteoclasts

3. Chondrocytes

4. Pericytes

The correct answer is: Osteoblasts

Osteoblasts are the cell type primarily involved in bone formation. They are specialized cells that synthesize and secrete the bone matrix, which is composed mainly of collagen, and are essential for the mineralization process that leads to the hardening of the bone. Osteoblasts originate from mesenchymal stem cells and play a crucial role in the growth and repair of bones throughout life. When stimulated, osteoblasts can increase the production of bone-forming proteins and enzymes needed for mineral deposition. They also help regulate the balance of minerals in the bone, including calcium and phosphate, which are vital for maintaining bone density and strength. Over time, some osteoblasts become embedded in the bone matrix they produce and differentiate into osteocytes, which help maintain the bone tissue. Other cell types mentioned do not directly contribute to the formation of bone. Osteoclasts, for instance, are involved in the resorption or breakdown of bone tissue, while chondrocytes primarily produce cartilage rather than bone. Pericytes are involved in the regulation of blood flow and tissue repair but do not play a direct role in bone formation.