Advanced Dental Admission Test (ADAT)

What type of bilirubinemia results from increased hemolysis?

1. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

2. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

3. Neonatal jaundice

4. Hepatocellular jaundice

The correct answer is: Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia occurs when there is an increase in the levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood, which typically results from increased hemolysis of red blood cells. When red blood cells are broken down, hemoglobin is released and subsequently metabolized to bilirubin. This bilirubin remains in its unconjugated form until it reaches the liver, where it is conjugated (or processed) for excretion. In cases of increased hemolysis, such as hemolytic anemias or conditions like sickle cell disease or certain autoimmune disorders, the rate of bilirubin production exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete it, leading to elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the bloodstream. This condition is often characterized by jaundice, especially visible in the skin and sclera of the eyes. The other options involve different mechanisms or contexts. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia refers to an increase in conjugated bilirubin, often due to liver dysfunction or obstruction of the bile ducts, while neonatal jaundice is a common condition in newborns that can result from immaturity of the liver and is often a mix of unconjugated and conjugated bilirubinemia. Hepat