Advanced Dental Admission Test (ADAT)

What is the most common salivary neoplasm?

1. Adenoid cystic carcinoma

2. Pleomorphic adenoma

3. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

4. Acinic cell carcinoma

The correct answer is: Pleomorphic adenoma

Pleomorphic adenoma is recognized as the most common salivary neoplasm, accounting for a significant majority of all salivary gland tumors, particularly those arising in the parotid gland. This benign tumor is often referred to as a "benign mixed tumor" because it contains both epithelial and mesenchymal (stromal) components. The characteristic features of pleomorphic adenoma include its well-circumscribed nature, diverse histological appearance, and the propensity to recur if not completely excised. In contrast, other neoplasms like adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma are less common. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant tumor often associated with a more aggressive behavior and has a distinct histological pattern. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, while being the most common malignant salivary gland tumor, is still not as frequently diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma. Acinic cell carcinoma, while it does occur in salivary glands, is considerably rarer compared to pleomorphic adenoma. Understanding the prevalence and benign nature of pleomorphic adenoma is vital for dental professionals, as it influences clinical management strategies for patients presenting with salivary gland masses.