Advanced Dental Admission Test (ADAT)

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What is a notable clinical manifestation of Addison's disease?

Diffuse pigmentation of the skin
Significant weight loss
Hypertension
Hyperglycemia

The correct answer is: Diffuse pigmentation of the skin

A notable clinical manifestation of Addison's disease is diffuse pigmentation of the skin. This characteristic hyperpigmentation occurs due to increased levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In Addison's disease, the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient amounts of cortisol. In an attempt to stimulate the adrenal cortex to produce more cortisol, the pituitary gland increases the secretion of ACTH. Elevated ACTH levels can stimulate the melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) receptors in the skin, leading to increased melanin production and resulting in the darkening of the skin. Diffuse pigmentation is particularly pronounced in areas exposed to sunlight, as well as in skin folds and scars. This hyperpigmentation serves as a distinct clinical marker in diagnosing Addison's disease, along with other symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and low blood pressure. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms behind these manifestations helps in recognizing and managing the disease effectively.