Advanced Dental Admission Test (ADAT)

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Prepare for the Advanced Dental Admission Test. Study with flashcards and multiple choice questions, with hints and explanations provided for each question. Strengthen your readiness for success!

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What condition is characterized by the progressive narrowing or spasm of coronary arteries?

Ischemic heart disease
Heart failure
Coronary artery aneurysm
Myocarditis

The correct answer is: Ischemic heart disease

Ischemic heart disease is characterized by the progressive narrowing or spasm of coronary arteries, which ultimately restricts blood flow to the heart muscle. This reduction in blood flow can lead to angina (chest pain) and can significantly increase the risk of heart attacks. The narrowing is often caused by atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in the coronary arteries over time. Additionally, coronary arteries can experience spasms that temporarily reduce blood flow, further contributing to ischemic conditions. In contrast, heart failure is a broader term that refers to the heart's inability to pump adequately, which can result from various conditions, including ischemic heart disease. A coronary artery aneurysm involves the abnormal dilation of a section of a coronary artery, rather than narrowing. Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, which may not primarily involve the coronary arteries at all. This contextual understanding is crucial for differentiating the specific implications of ischemic heart disease compared to other cardiovascular conditions.