Advanced Dental Admission Test (ADAT)

Histatins are known for which of the following properties?

1. Stimulating growth

2. Being bactericidal/fungicidal

3. Enhancing nutrient absorption

4. Breaking down fats

The correct answer is: Being bactericidal/fungicidal

Histatins are primarily known for their bactericidal and fungicidal properties. These are small antimicrobial peptides that are secreted by the salivary glands and play a crucial role in the innate immune response within the oral cavity. They exhibit a broad spectrum of activity against various pathogens, including bacteria and fungi. Specifically, histatins disrupt microbial cell membranes, leading to cell death, and they also possess the ability to inhibit the growth of certain fungi, most notably strains of Candida. This mechanism of action reflects the body's strategy to protect itself from infections, particularly in an environment like the mouth where many microorganisms reside. Their effectiveness in combating oral pathogens is essential for maintaining oral health and preventing conditions such as candidiasis and periodontal diseases. The other options relate to different biological functions or processes that are not associated with histatins. For instance, stimulating growth is typically linked to growth factors, while enhancing nutrient absorption is more relevant to digestive enzymes or transport proteins. Breaking down fats refers to lipases and other enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, further illustrating that histatins do not play a role in these processes.